巧记“三连四变”，轻松掌握直接引语和间接引语
【摘要】直接引语和间接引语作为英语语法体系中的一版块,在高中英语教材和初中英语教材中都出现了,都属于必讲语法点。而且,经常在高考、中考中作为一考点来命制题目,因此,我们很有必要探究:如何简捷、高效地进行直接引语和间接引语的教学。
【关键词】直接引语;间接引语
The Qiao record \"three connect four change\", easy control direct lead language with indirect lead language————Talk Direct Speech and the teaching insight of the Indirect Speech
Xie- jun
【Abstract】Direct lead language with indirect lead language as 1 in the English phrasing system, all appeared in the English teaching material and junior high school English teaching material of senior high school, all belong to necessarily speak phrasing point.And, usually pass examination in Gao Kao3, conduct and actions a test a point life system topic, therefore, we have much of a necessity investigation:How Jian3 Jie2 is, efficiently carry on direct lead language with indirect lead the teaching of language.
【Key words】Direct lead language;Indirect lead language
直接引语和间接引语作为英语语法体系中的一版块,在高中英语教材和初中英语教材中都出现了,都属于必讲语法点。而且,经常在高考、中考中作为一考点来命制题目,因此,我们很有必要探究:如何简捷、高效地进行直接引语和间接引语的教学?
通过平时的教学实践,就直接引语变间接引语这一问题,我归纳出“三连四变”的方法。
在分析阐述“三连四变”方法前,我们先了解一下直接引语和间接引语的定义。
直接引语:直接引用别人的原话,有引号
间接引语:间接转述别人的话,无引号
例:Lisa said,“My sister’s name is Alice.”(直接引语)
Peter asked Lucy,“what are you going to do?”(直接引语)
Lisa said that her sister’s name was Alice. (间接引语)
Peter asked Lucy what she was going to do. (间接引语)
下面,我们来具体分析“三连四变”
“三连”:指的是直接引语变间接语时,有三种连接词,分别是:
(1)that——直接引语是陈述句,变间接引语用that连接
(2)疑问词——直接引语是特殊疑问句,变间接引语用疑问词连接
(3)if/whether——直接引语是一般疑问句,变间接引语用if/whether连接
例1:Tom said,“I like listening to music.”
→Tom said that he liked listening to music.
分析:直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语,应使用连接句that,that也可以省略。
例2:Tim asked me,“What is your aunt?”
→Tim asked me what my aunt was.
例3:Tim asked me “How do you go to school?”
→Tim asked me how I went to school.
分析:例2,例3直接引语是由疑问代词what,疑问副词how引导的特殊疑问句,因此,变间接引语,沿用直接引语中的疑问词来连接。
例4:Tim asked Brice,“Are you a teacher?”
→Tim asked Brice if/whether he was a teacher.
分析:直接引语是一个由be引导的一般疑问句,变间接引语由if/whether来连接.
上面是从连接词的角度,探讨直接引语变间接引语,使用连接词的三种情况。
接下来,我们进一步分析“四变”.
“四变”:直接引语变间接引语时,有四个方面要进行变化
A、人称变
B、时态变
C、语序变
D、状语变
A、人称变:直接引语变间接引语,要进行人称代词的相应转换,规律如下:
一从主:Marry said to Hugo,“I can help them.”
→Marry said to Hugo that she could help them.
二从宾:Marry said to Hugo,“You can help them.”
→Marry told Hugo that he could help them.
三不变:Marry said to Hugo,“They can help them.”
→Marry told Hugo that they could help them.
B、时态变:当直接引语变间接引语时,若主句时态是过去时态,间接引语的时态须对应变。
即: 直接引语间接引语
一般现在时 ——→一般过去时
现在进行时 ——→过去进行时
现在完成时 ——→过去完成时
一般将来时 ——→过去将来时
一般过去时 ——→过去完成时
例1:I asked Lily,“How are you?”
→I asked Lily how she was.
例2:I asked Lily ,“What are you doing?”
→I asked Lily what she was doing.
例3:I asked Lily,“Have you finished your homework?”
→I asked Lily if/whether she had finished her homework.
分析:主句时态是一般过去时asked,所以间接引语时态都要进行相应变化:
例1:直接引语一般现在时,间接引语变成一般过去时
例2:现在进行时变成过去进行时
例3:现在完成时变成过去完成时
C、语序变:若直接引语是疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句及选择疑问句)变间接引语时,必须改成陈述语序,即各种类型的动词都放在主语后.
例1:Lisa asked Lucy,“How are you going to spend your vacation?”→Lisa asked Lucy how she was going to spend her vacation.
例2:Lisa asked Lucy,“Can peter swim?”
→Lisa asked Lucy if/wheter Peter could swim.
分析:例1中…… are you(疑问语序)——→ she wasm ……(陈述语序)
例2中…… Can peter(疑问语序)——→ Peter could ……(陈述语序)
D、状语变:若直接引语含有一些特殊的时间副词、地点副词作状语,变间接引语时,须作相应改变。
注意:
here——→ there
now——→ then
yesterday——→ the day before
tomorrow——→ the next day/the following day
today ——→ that day
this/these——→ that/those (代词)
come ——→ go (动词)
例1:Tom asked me,“What is Lucy doing now?”
→Tom asked me what Lucy was doing then.
例2:Tom asked ,“Can I finish the work tomorrow?”